Chromatography

Chromatography:
Using chemicals to extract the pigment.

Aim: To extract the pigment.

Hypothesis:
I predict that the mixture will
Equipment:

Method:

Get leaves from three different trees.

Leaves.

1st Leaf

2nd Leaf

3rd Leaf

Tear it up into tiny pieces.

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Put all the pieces straight into the mortar and pestle.

Start grinding.

Once it has reached a pasty texture add Ethanol using a dropper.

Transfer the mixture to a test tube and add more Ethanol if needed.

Repeat these step with the other two leaves.
Place all the test tubes into the test tube rack.

Wait overnight and see what happens.

Cut your filter paper into long strips and mark out a line on both sides.

Break your splint in half

Tape your splint onto the filter paper.

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Add a drop of you leaf mixture onto the line that you drew.

Add Ethanol to one of your boiling tubes low enough so it doesn't go past the line.

Insert the paper with the droplet onto the tube.

Wait for the result.




Results:
There wasn't a lot of movement in terms of our mixture, however, Mr Guy's mixture was very visible.
We decided to do it again due to our pigment not really showing, next time we should probably have less ethanol and more crushed leaves.

Mr Guy's Mixture

We decided to do it again but instead of using leaves as solute we used felt pens we also used water as the solvent instead of ethanol.
I knew to use dark colours because I know it has the most pigments and has a lot of colour mix into it.

Aim: To compare this experiment to the other one.

Equipment

Results:
The results were much more visible than the leaves, you can see the colour move up clearly and it was very vivid.

The solvent (water) moves up the chromatography paper and as it does it takes some of the pigment of the solute (felt pen) and spread it on the paper. The colours are separated due to it being different weight and the lighter colours get further up the paper.

I think this experiment worked well better than the leaves because the felt pen was more concentrated.

What Will Happen If You Boil Coke?

Aim: To boil coke and see what happens to the leftover liquid.

Equipment:

Method:
Set up your equipment.
Place your boiling tube to the clamp stand at an angle.

Fill 2/3 of your beaker with water.
Place your beaker at the bottom with a test tube on top and ice surrounding it.

Yours should look like this.

Light your bunsen burner, make sure to start with a red flame and turn it to blue straight away.

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Have the flame directly on the bottom of the tube.

Wait for it to boil.

Watch the water that's evaporated get transferred to the test tube.

Results
The leftover coke had a gooey texture like caramel and the liquid that's been evaporated looked like water.

Coke leftover

The liquid that's been evaporated

Discussion

The experiment worked well we had the results that we predicted.

Solute- A solid that can dissolve.
Solvent-Liquid that dissolves the solute.
Solution- Mixture of Solute and Solvent.
Dissolve-When large particles break into smaller pieces.
Soluble- Something that can dissolve.
Insoluble- Incapable to dissolve.
Saturate- the capacity of the solute that can dissolve in the solvent.
Dilute- Make liquid weaker


https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11447515/Man-boils-Coca-Cola-to-show-how-much-sugar-is-in-one-bottle.html

Dilution Series

Aim: To find out what will happen if we extract 1 ml of the solute and add in 9ml of water.

Materials: Test tube, test tube rack, water, pipet, potassium permanganate,and cylinder.

Conclusion/Observations:I expected the colours to change and fade as we takeaway more solute away as we go through more test tubes. I kinda had the idea because I thought it was like art if you add more white to the colour it gets lighter.

Results:

References: https://study.com/academy/lesson/serial-dilution-in-microbiology-calculation-method-technique.html