Transport in Plants

Aim: To observe xylem tissue and prove that they transport water up the plant.

Equipment: One stick of celery with the leaves still attached, a retort stand, boss head and clamp, a petri dish, water, food colouring, a knife or scalpel.

Method:

1. Make a cut across the base of the celery stalk to expose a new section of the stem.
2. Fill the petri dish with water and add a few drops of food colouring.
3. Place the celery stalk in the petri dish and gently clamp it in a place using retort stand, boss head and clamp.
4. Leave the stalk undistributed for 24 hours.
5. Remove the stalk from the clamp and petri dish. Cut the stem about 1/3 of the way up the stem.

1.

2.

3.

Refraction

Aim: To investigate how light is affected by changing the substance it is traveling through.

Equipment: ray, power source, glass or perspex block, single-slit ray slide.

Method: Collect the equipment from your teacher, and set them up to produce a single beam of light.

Results: The light was slightly off the angle of incidence either towards or away from normal.

How Do Curve Mirrors Work?

Aim: To investigate the reflection of light rays in concave and convex mirrors.

Equipment: Ray box, triple-slit ray slide, and power supply

Method:

1. Set up your ray box, triple-slit ray slide, and power supply.
2. Place mirrors on your book as indicated below. Place ray box at the top of the page and shine 3 rays of light at the mirror.
3. Ensure that the middle ray of light at the mirror.
4. Carefully trace the direction of the three incident rays and three reflected rays.

Results:

The reflected light was the same as the incident light.

What Happens To Light When You Light It In A Certain Angle?

Aim: To investigate how light behaves when it hits a plane (flat) mirror.

Equipment:

Lightbox and a plane mirror.

Method:

1. Collect a ray box, power supply, and a single-slit ray slide from your teacher, and set them up to produce a single beam light.
2. Place a plane mirror on the diagram of the protractor as described below.
3. Vary the angle of incidence and record the angle of reflection in the results table.

Findings: 

The angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection.

Results:

English

English: May 10th
For sustained silent reading in English, I read an article about the difference between Born again Christians and Jehova's witness. What I found out is that both religions share simmilar beliefs but the main difference is that JW doesn't believe in the holy trinity (God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit) and they also don't think that Jesus was God in the flesh which separates them from Christianity. This article's purpose is to give information and the target audience are any ages.

http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/movies/articles/keep-believing.aspx

Bibliography:
https://www.bible-knowledge.com/jehovah-s-witnesses/

Chromatography

Chromatography:
Using chemicals to extract the pigment.

Aim: To extract the pigment.

Hypothesis:
I predict that the mixture will
Equipment:

Method:

Get leaves from three different trees.

Leaves.

1st Leaf

2nd Leaf

3rd Leaf

Tear it up into tiny pieces.

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Put all the pieces straight into the mortar and pestle.

Start grinding.

Once it has reached a pasty texture add Ethanol using a dropper.

Transfer the mixture to a test tube and add more Ethanol if needed.

Repeat these step with the other two leaves.
Place all the test tubes into the test tube rack.

Wait overnight and see what happens.

Cut your filter paper into long strips and mark out a line on both sides.

Break your splint in half

Tape your splint onto the filter paper.

.

Add a drop of you leaf mixture onto the line that you drew.

Add Ethanol to one of your boiling tubes low enough so it doesn't go past the line.

Insert the paper with the droplet onto the tube.

Wait for the result.




Results:
There wasn't a lot of movement in terms of our mixture, however, Mr Guy's mixture was very visible.
We decided to do it again due to our pigment not really showing, next time we should probably have less ethanol and more crushed leaves.

Mr Guy's Mixture

We decided to do it again but instead of using leaves as solute we used felt pens we also used water as the solvent instead of ethanol.
I knew to use dark colours because I know it has the most pigments and has a lot of colour mix into it.

Aim: To compare this experiment to the other one.

Equipment

Results:
The results were much more visible than the leaves, you can see the colour move up clearly and it was very vivid.

The solvent (water) moves up the chromatography paper and as it does it takes some of the pigment of the solute (felt pen) and spread it on the paper. The colours are separated due to it being different weight and the lighter colours get further up the paper.

I think this experiment worked well better than the leaves because the felt pen was more concentrated.

What Will Happen If You Boil Coke?

Aim: To boil coke and see what happens to the leftover liquid.

Equipment:

Method:
Set up your equipment.
Place your boiling tube to the clamp stand at an angle.

Fill 2/3 of your beaker with water.
Place your beaker at the bottom with a test tube on top and ice surrounding it.

Yours should look like this.

Light your bunsen burner, make sure to start with a red flame and turn it to blue straight away.

.

Have the flame directly on the bottom of the tube.

Wait for it to boil.

Watch the water that's evaporated get transferred to the test tube.

Results
The leftover coke had a gooey texture like caramel and the liquid that's been evaporated looked like water.

Coke leftover

The liquid that's been evaporated

Discussion

The experiment worked well we had the results that we predicted.

Solute- A solid that can dissolve.
Solvent-Liquid that dissolves the solute.
Solution- Mixture of Solute and Solvent.
Dissolve-When large particles break into smaller pieces.
Soluble- Something that can dissolve.
Insoluble- Incapable to dissolve.
Saturate- the capacity of the solute that can dissolve in the solvent.
Dilute- Make liquid weaker


https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11447515/Man-boils-Coca-Cola-to-show-how-much-sugar-is-in-one-bottle.html

Dilution Series

Aim: To find out what will happen if we extract 1 ml of the solute and add in 9ml of water.

Materials: Test tube, test tube rack, water, pipet, potassium permanganate,and cylinder.

Conclusion/Observations:I expected the colours to change and fade as we takeaway more solute away as we go through more test tubes. I kinda had the idea because I thought it was like art if you add more white to the colour it gets lighter.

Results:

References: https://study.com/academy/lesson/serial-dilution-in-microbiology-calculation-method-technique.html

Filtering Water

Science: Filtering Water


In science, we were challenged to filter dirty water with limited materials. We got given: Cotton balls, paper towels, water bottle, two cups and a piece of cloth.

Aim: To filter the dirty water to make it drinkable.

Step 1: Make a plan,  We had two plans. Plan A, Plan A was stashing all the cotton balls at the bottom of the bottle and having a cup covered with a cloth to catch all the water dripping down. Plan B, Plan B was stacking the cotton balls and paper towel alternating them and having the cloth cover the nozzle of the bottle and the mouth of the cup. ( We decided to go with Plan B)

Step 2:  Cut the bottom bit of the bottle using scissors. We found this challenging due to the scissors that were given to us was very blunt compared to the hard plastic material.

Step 3: Cut the cloth in half.

Step 4: Stack the paper and cotton balls on the bottle alternating layers of cotton balls and paper towels.

Step 5: Wrap the cloth around the cup and mouth of the bottle and use the string to secure it.

Step 6: Pour the filthy water on of the bottle with the bottle upside down.

Step 7: Wait for the water to drip down the bottle with a plastic cup at the bottom to catch all the water.

What item was helpful?

The cloth was a really big help, it eliminated all the rocks from the water.

How well did your design work?
The result of our design turned out well, especially because it was our first try. You can see a massive difference between the two pictures.Before was muddy and disgusting and After is really clear and almost drinkable.

Everything went pretty smoothly, we all worked as a team and had our own jobs to fulfill.

In my opinion our water was the clearest out of everyone in our room, this is mainly because our design was unique compare to other people's plan. Also because it went through many process  and layers to get the result. The cotton wool cleanses the water, then the paper towel which soaks up some of the dirt that's remaining in the water and last but not least was the cloth, it restricts the rocks and bits from getting to the cup.

Our group didn't do any modification because we felt like our first try was already good. Maybe we can get the water that was already filtered re-filtered to get it even more clean.

Before

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After